Challenging Amazon - Appendix
[1] Amazon website, https://www.aboutamazon.com/
[2] Rushe, D. Sainato, M. The Guardian, 30/04/2020, ‘Amazon posts $75bn first quarter revenues but expects to spend $4bn in Covid-19 costs’ https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/apr/30/amazon-revenues-jeff-bezos-coronavirus-pandemic
[3] Kim. E, 30/07/2020, Business Insider, ‘Amazon report record quarterly profit and 40% sales growth backed by strong covid related demand’, https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-earnings-report-q2-jeff-bezos-2020-7?r=US&IR=T
[4] Blakeley. G, 24/07/2020, Tribune, ‘Why the Super-Rich keep getting richer’, https://tribunemag.co.uk/2020/07/why-the-super-rich-keep-getting-richer
[5] Bray, T. 29/04/2020, ‘Bye, Amazon’, https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2020/04/29/Leaving-Amazon
[6] Amazon website, https://www.aboutamazon.com/
[7] Bandoim, L. 02/10/2019, Forbes, ‘What Amazon’s plans to open a chain of grocery stores means’, https://www.forbes.com/sites/lanabandoim/2019/10/02/what-amazons-plans-to-open-a-chain-of-grocery-stores-mean/#4431db591de7
[8] Vargas, C. 04/10/2019, Yahoo Finance, ‘Amazon eyes Healthcare Market and Expands Tech Portfolio’. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/amazon-amzn-eyes-healthcare-market-000512487.html
[9] Cannochi, C. 04/08/2020, ‘Amazon gets green light from watchdog to snap up stake in Deliveroo a year after deal was first struck’, https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/markets/article-8591785/Amazon-gets-green-light-buy-minority-stake-Deliveroo.html
[10] Morrison, S. 17/04/2020, Evening Standard, ‘Coronavirus self-testing kits ‘ to be delivered to UK homes by Amazon’’, https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/coronavirus-selftesting-kits-to-be-delivered-to-uk-homes-as-lockdown-extended-for-three-weeks-a4416601.html
[11] Donnelly, L. The Telegraph, 17/09/2020, ‘Test and trace system could be outsourced to Amazon, secret plans reveal’, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/09/17/exclusive-test-trace-system-could-outsourced-amazon-secret-plans/
[12] Abboud, L., Financial Times, 11/06/2019, ‘Amazon clinches top spot in world’s most valuable brand ranking’, Financial Times, https://www.ft.com/content/9dac0724-789f-11e9-b0ec-7dff87b9a4a2
[13] Debter, L. 15/05/2019, Forbes, ‘Amazon surpasses Walmart as world’s largest retailer’, https://www.forbes.com/sites/laurendebter/2019/05/15/worlds-largest-retailers-2019-amazon-walmart-alibaba/#245dc2954171
[14] Murphy, A. Tucker, H. Coyne. M. Touryalai. H, 13/05/2020, Forbes, ‘Global 2000 – The world’s largest public companies’ https://www.forbes.com/global2000/#5b62d722335d
[15] Financial Times, 19/06/2020, ‘Prospering in the pandemic: the top 100 companies https://www.ft.com/content/844ed28c-8074-4856-bde0-20f3bf4cd8f0
[16] Rushe, D. Sainato, M. The Guardian, 30/04/2020, ‘Amazon posts $75bn first quarter revenues but expects to spend $4bn in Covid-19 costs’ https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/apr/30/amazon-revenues-jeff-bezos-coronavirus-pandemic
[17] Kim. E, 30/07/2020, Business Insider, ‘Amazon report record quarterly profit and 40% sales growth backed by strong covid related demand’, https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-earnings-report-q2-jeff-bezos-2020-7?r=US&IR=T
[18] Blakeley. G, 24/07/2020, Tribune, ‘Why the Super-Rich keep getting richer’, https://tribunemag.co.uk/2020/07/why-the-super-rich-keep-getting-richer
[19] Amazon, Amazon’s economic impact across the UK, https://www.aboutamazon.co.uk/investing-in-the-uk-economy
[20] Amazon, ‘Amazon to create 10,000 permanent new jobs across the UK in 2020’, https://blog.aboutamazon.co.uk/working-at-amazon/amazon-to-create-10-000-new-permanent-jobs-across-the-uk-in-2020
[21] Bar, S. 03/08/2020, The Independent, Amazon ‘plans to open at least 30 physical shops in the UK’, https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/amazon-uk-shops-go-open-launch-jeff-bezos-a9651231.html
[22] Hall, K. 06/08/2020, The Register, ‘Amazon Web Services doubled its footprint in the UK and will only get bigger, reckon analysts’, https://www.theregister.com/2019/08/06/aws_doubles_uk_footprint_sits_review/
[23] Hall, K. 18/07/2019, The Register, Banks bid legacy tech farewell as they sail to the cloud- but now all that infrastructure is in the hands of the big three’, https://www.theregister.com/2019/07/18/banking_it_bods_warn_of_exit_plan_in_shift_to_public_cloud/
[24] House of Commons Treasury Committee, 28/10/2019, IT failures in the Financial Services Sector, https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201919/cmselect/cmtreasy/224/224.pdf
[25] De Quetteville, H. 19/10/2019, The Telegraph, ‘Amazon’s extraordinary grip on British data‘, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2019/10/19/special-report-amazons-extraordinary-grip-british-data/
[26] http://bidstats.uk/tenders/?q=Amazon#735707135-723517602-67
[27] BBC News, 03/09/2020, ‘Amazon to create 7,000 UK jobs’, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-54009484
[28] Selby, A. 26/11/2017, The Mirror, ‘Undercover at Amazon: Exhausted human are inefficient so robots are taking over’, https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/undercover-amazon-exhausted-humans-inefficient-11593145
[29] Kentish, B. The Independent, 10/12/2016, ‘Hard-pressed Amazon workers in Scotland sleeping in tents near warehouse to save money’, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/amazon-workers-sleep-tents-dunfermline-fife-scotland-a7467657.html
[30] Selby, A. 25/11/2017, The Mirror, ‘Timed toilet breaks, https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/timed-toilet-breaks-impossible-targets-11587888
[31] GMB, 01/06/2018, ‘100s of Amazon ambulance call outs’, https://www.gmb.org.uk/news/100s-amazon-ambulance-callouts
[32] Ibid
[33] Ibid
[34] Zahn, M. 11/03/2019, Daily Beast, ‘Colony of Hell: the shocking 911 calls from inside Amazon warehouses’, https://www.thedailybeast.com/amazon-the-shocking-911-calls-from-inside-its-warehouses
[35] Jaimeson, D. Huffington Post, ‘The life and death of an Amazon warehouse temp’, https://highline.huffingtonpost.com/articles/en/life-and-death-amazon-temp/
[36] http://archive.gmb.org.uk/newsroom/600-amazon-incidents
[37] Kantor, J. Streitfeld, D. 15/08/2015, The New York Times, ‘Inside Amazon: Wrestling big ideas in a bruising workplace’, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/technology/inside-amazon-wrestling-big-ideas-in-a-bruising-workplace.html?_r=0
[38] BBC News, 11/11/2020, ‘Amazon drivers work illegal hours’, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-37708996
[39] O’Donovan, C. Bensinger, K., 31/08/2019, Buzzfeed, ‘ Amazon’s next day delivery has brought chaos and carnage to America’s streets – but the world’s biggest retailer ahs a system to escape the blame’, https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/carolineodonovan/amazon-next-day-delivery-deaths
[40] Ibid
[41] Ibid
[42] Payscale website, https://www.payscale.com/research/UK/Employer=Amazon.com_Inc/Hourly_Rate
[43] Working at Amazon reviews taken from Indeed recruitment website, https://www.indeed.co.uk/cmp/Amazon.com/reviews
[44] Karp, P. 10/12/2018, The Guardian, ‘Unions to step up effort at Amazon Austrialia after worker sacked’, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/dec/11/unions-amazon-australia-worker-sacked
[45] Sainato, M. 08/07/2018, The Guardian, ‘Exploited Amazon workers need a unión, when will they get one?’ https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jul/08/amazon-jeff-bezos-unionize-working-conditions
[46] Holmes, A. Business Insider, 01/09/2020, ‘Amazon posted – then deleted- a job listing for an ‘intelligence analyst’ to monitor works efforts to unionise’, https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-posts-deletes-job-listing-intelligence-analyst-spy-worker-union-2020-9?r=US&IR=T
[47] Gurley, L.K, Rose, J. 25/09/2020, Vice, ‘Amazon employee warns internal groups they’re being monitored for labour organizing’ https://www.vice.com/en/article/m7jz7b/amazon-employee-warns-internal-groups-theyre-being-monitored-for-labor-organizing?utm_content=1600989958&utm_medium=social&utm_source=VICE_twitter
[48] Sainato, M. 18/03/2020, The Guardian, ‘They don’t care about safety: Amazon workers struggle with pandemic demand’, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/mar/18/amazon-whole-foods-workers-stores-warehouses-coronavirus
[49] Heikkila, M. 23/03/2020, Politico, ‘’This is crazy’: Rage boils over at Amazon sites over coronavirus risks’, https://www.politico.eu/article/coronavirus-amazon-employees-rage/
[50]
[51] Uni Global, ‘Essentially Irresponsible: Amazon and the Covid crisis’, https://www.uniglobalunion.org/publications/amazons-poor-social-performance-during-covid19-crisis-a-threat-new-uni-report
[52] Lee, D. 15/05/2020, Financial Times, ‘Amazon says it will begin reopening warehouses in France’, https://www.ft.com/content/66d55f34-0848-4072-ac53-de7fb263ce3d
[53] DW, ‘German trade union calls for Amazon workers to strike amid wage dispute’, https://www.dw.com/en/german-trade-union-calls-for-amazon-workers-to-strike-amid-wage-dispute/a-53975620#:~:text=Trade%20union%20Verdi%20has%20called,%22good%20and%20healthy%20work.%22
[54] Committee on Workers’ Capital, 21/04/2020, ‘Labour risks at Amazon’s operations in Spain’, lhttps://www.workerscapital.org/labour-risks-at-amazon-s-operations-in-spain
[55] Interview with GMB and Michael Crick, https://www.mailplus.co.uk/tv/the-michael-crick-report/3415/why-are-amazon-putting-their-staff-at-risk-during-the-coronavirus-crisis
[56]Amazon website, ‘How Amazon prioritises health and safety while fulfilling customer orders’ https://blog.aboutamazon.co.uk/company-news/how-amazon-prioritises-health-and-safety-while-fulfilling-customer-orders
[57] Jolly, J. 02/10/2020, The Guardian, ‘Almost 20,000 Amazon workers in the US test positive’, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/oct/02/almost-20000-amazon-workers-in-us-test-positive-for-covid-19
[58] GMB Union, 05/06/2020, ‘Amazon gives Coronavirus advice while their own workers ‘fear’ of infection, https://www.gmb.org.uk/news/amazon-gives-coronavirus-advice-while-their-own-workers-fear-infection
[59] Levin, S. 07/05/2020, The Guardian, ‘Amazon told workers paid sick leave law doesn’t cover warehouses’, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/may/07/amazon-warehouse-workers-coronavirus-time-off-california
[60] .Ibid
[61] Bray, T. 29/04/2020, ‘Bye, Amazon’, https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2020/04/29/Leaving-Amazon
[62] Fair Taxmark, December 2019, https://fairtaxmark.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Silicon-Six-Report-5-12-19.pdf
[63] Ibid
[64] Butler, S. 03/09/2019, The Guardian, ‘Amazon accused of handing over ‘diddly squat’ in corporation tax’, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/sep/03/amazon-accused-of-handing-over-diddly-squat-in-corporation-tax-despite-tripling-payment
[65] Ibid
[66] Rankin, J. 04/10/2017, The Guardian, ‘Amazon ordered to repay 250 million Euro by EU over ‘illegal tax advantages’, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/oct/04/amazon-eu-tax-irish-government-apple
[67] Uni Global, ‘Essentially Irresponsible: Amazon and the Covid crisis’, https://www.uniglobalunion.org/publications/amazons-poor-social-performance-during-covid19-crisis-a-threat-new-uni-report
[68] Weise, K. Fernandez, M. Eligon, J. 03/03/2019, New York Times, ‘Amazon’s hard bargain extends far beyond New York’, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/03/technology/amazon-new-york-politics-jobs.html
[69] Goodman, D.J, 14/02/2019, New York Times, ‘Amazon pulls out of planned New York City headquarters’, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/14/nyregion/amazon-hq2-queens.html
[70] Tibbit, A. 01/05/2019, The Ferret, ‘Amazon pays more tax to Fife council than to UK government’, https://theferret.scot/amazon-tax-fife-council-uk-government/
[71] https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2019-01/180105atisn11762lttr.pdf
[72] Clark, D. 30/09/2019, Devon Live, ‘Opening date for new Exeter Amazon site confirmed’, https://www.devonlive.com/news/devon-news/opening-date-new-exeter-amazon-3154751.
[73] Darlington Borough Council, 23/07/2020, ‘New bus service to Amazon Darlington to help people get to work’, https://www.darlington.gov.uk/your-council/news/news-item/?id=1267
[74] Ashmore, K. 22/01/2020, Birmingham Mail, ‘Public services to take hit as Amazon wins £3.2m tax wrangle over giant Rugeley depot’, https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/black-country/public-services-take-hit-amazon-17613717
[75] Ibid
[76] Tesco PLC, 12/04/2017, Preliminary Results FY 16/17, https://www.tescoplc.com/news/2017/preliminary-results-201617/
[77] https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmcomloc/1010/1010.pdf
[78] Ibid
[79] D. Mattioli, 23/04/2020, Wall Street Journal, ‘Amazon scooped up data from its own sellers to launch competing products’, https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-scooped-up-data-from-its-own-sellers-to-launch-competing-products-11587650015
[80] Mitchell, S. Knox, R. Freed, Z., July 2020, Institute for Local Self-Reliance (ILSR), ‘Amazon’s Monopoly Tollbooth’, https://ilsr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ILSR_Report_AmazonTollbooth_Final.pdf
[81] Ibid
[82] Ibid
[82] Berzon, A. Scheck, J. , Wall Street Journal, 24/08/2019, ‘Amazon has ceded control of its site –The result, thousands of banned, unsafe or mislabelled products’, https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-has-ceded-control-of-its-site-the-result-thousands-of-banned-unsafe-or-mislabeled-products-11566564990
[83] Lammy. D, Twitter, https://twitter.com/DavidLammy/status/1290384351788707840?s=20
[84] Hutchison, C. The Herald, 13/09/2020, ‘’Petition calls on Amazon to ban sellers inciting Down’s syndrome hate speech’, https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/18717465.petition-calls-amazon-ban-sellers-inciting-downs-syndrome-hate-speech/?fbclid=IwAR1ZVMmpnziwCsIkA_4MEgs9gld1UZDsnq7qXVMMEM47vtX67RV5_0UC2ok
[85] Wilson, J., The Guardian, 28/04/2020, ‘Amazon and other platforms allowing payments to far-right groups’, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/28/amazon-online-platforms-far-right-splc
[86] Romm, T. Washington Post, 22/01/2020, ‘Tech giants led by Amazon, Facebook and Google spent nearly half a billion on lobbying over the past decade, new data shows’ https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/01/22/amazon-facebook-google-lobbying-2019/
[87] Tanglis, M., Public Citizen, 31/07/2019, ‘New economy titans, old school tactics’, https://www.citizen.org/article/new-economy-titans-old-school-tactics/?eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=5d62d87d-0456-4903-a47d-19602d1e1ad8
[88] McCann, D. ITUC, 30/04/2020, ‘E-commerce Free Trade Agreements, Digital Chapters and the impact on labour’, https://www.ituc-csi.org/e-commerce-report
[89] See both McCann, D. ITUC, 30/04/2020, ‘E-commerce Free Trade Agreements, Digital Chapters and the impact on labour’, https://www.ituc-csi.org/e-commerce-report and James, D. CEPR, 08/07/2020, ‘Digital Trade Rules – A disastrous new constitution for the global economy, for and by big tech’, https://cepr.net/report/digital-trade-rules-a-disastrous-new-constituti…
[90] McCann, D. ITUC, 30/04/2020, ‘E-commerce Free Trade Agreements, Digital Chapters and the impact on labour’, https://www.ituc-csi.org/e-commerce-report
[91] Kirchgaessner, S., The Guardian, 26/12/2018, ‘Top Amazon boss privately advised US government on web portal worth billions to tech firm’, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/dec/26/amazon-anne-rung-government-services-authority
[92] I. Lynn, Lancashire Post, 28/10/2019, https://www.lep.co.uk/business/amazon-accused-wasting-millions-major-transparency-campaign-923688
[93] G. Spanier, Campaign, 03/02/2020, https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/amazon-biggest-advertiser-earth-adspend-hits-11bn/1672723
[94] Walshe, P. Public Citizen, December 2019, ‘Privacy in the EU and US – consumer experiences across three global platforms’, https://www.citizen.org/wp-content/uploads/TACD-HBS-report-Final-1.pdf
[95] Yeginsu. C, New York Times, 01/02/2018, ‘If workers slack off the wristband will know. (And Amazon has the patent for it)’. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/01/technology/amazon-wristband-tracking-privacy.html
[96] BBC News online, 17/06/2020 ‘Amazon faces backlash over Covid-19 safety measures’, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-53079624
[97] Dwoskin. E, Washington Post, 22/05/2018, ‘Amazon is selling facial recognition to law enforcement – for a fistful of dollars’, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/05/22/amazon-is-selling-facial-recognition-to-law-enforcement-for-a-fistful-of-dollars/
[98] Pisani, J. Sapra, B., Global News, 19/09/2019, ‘Amazon vows greener practices after revealing huge carbon footprint’, https://globalnews.ca/news/5927485/amazon-climate-change/
[99] UNI Global, 02/02/2020, ’Symposium on the unchecked power of Amazon in today’s economy and society’
[100] CBS News, 23/06/2020, ’As Amazon’s carbon emissions surge, it pledges $2 billion to fight climate change’, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/amazon-carbon-emissions-up-15-percent-pledge-2-billion-climate-change/
[101] Amazon, 03/06/2020, ’Amazon Air expands aircraft fleet’, https://press.aboutamazon.com/news-releases/news-release-details/amazon-air-expands-aircraft-fleet
[102] Greenpeace, 19/05/2020, ’Oil in the cloud – how tech companies are helping Big Oil profit from climate destruction’, https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/reports/oil-in-the-cloud/
[103] Amazon Employees for Climate Justice (AECJ), 27/05/2020 ’How Amazon’s emissions are hurting communities of color’, https://medium.com/@amazonemployeesclimatejustice/environmental-justice-and-amazons-carbon-footprint-9e10fab21138
[104] GMB Union, 15/07/2019, ’UK-wide Amazon Prime Day protests’, https://www.gmb.org.uk/news/uk-wide-amazon-prime-day-protests
[105] GMB, https://www.gmb.org.uk/campaign/amazon-workers-are-not-robots
[106] ETUC, 23/05/2018, ’ First ever direct agreement between unions and Amazon Italy’, https://www.etuc.org/en/first-ever-direct-agreement-between-unions-and-amazon-italy
[107] M. Heikkila, Politico, 05/08/2020, https://www.politico.eu/article/amazons-cut-price-culture-meets-swedens-unions/
[108]UNI Global, 02/02/2020, ’Symposium on the unchecked power of Amazon in today’s economy and society’ https://www.uniglobalunion.org/sites/default/files/files/news/uni_amazonsymposium_report_final_en_digital.pdf
[109] CtW Investment Group, ’Resources on Covid-19 workplace and investor risks at Amazon.com, Inc.’, https://ctwinvestmentgroup.com/amazon-investor-resources
[110] Kollewe, J. 30/09/2020, The Guardian, ‘Trade unions urge EU to investigate Amazon effort to spy on workers’, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/sep/30/trade-unions-urge-eu-to-investigate-amazon-effort-to-spy-on-workers
[111] Jolly, J. 07/10/2020, The Guardian, ‘EU lawmakers ask Jeff Bezos whether Amazon spies on politicians’, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/oct/07/eu-lawmakers-ask-jeff-bezos-whether-amazon-spies-on-politicians
[112] Pop, V. Schechner, S., Wall Street Journal, 11/06/2020, ’Amazon to face Anti-trust charges from EU over treatment of third-party sellers’, https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-to-face-antitrust-charges-from-eu-over-treatment-of-third-party-sellers-11591871818
[113] European Commission, 04/05/2017, ’Antitrust: Commission accepts commitments from Amazon on e-books’, https://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-1223_en.htm
[115] Kalra, A., Reuters, 10/02/2020, ’Amazon chalenges India antitrust probe in court’, https://www.nytimes.com/live/2020/07/29/technology/tech-ceos-hearing-testimony
[116] Kang, C. McCabe, D. 06/10/2020, The New York Times, ’House lawmakers condemn Big Tech’s ’monopoly power and Urge their breakup’, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/06/technology/congress-big-tech-monopoly-power.html
[117] Government Press Release, 01/07/2020, New regime needed to take on tech giants, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-regime-needed-to-take-on-tech-gi…
[118] Ibid
[119] ETUC, 13/07/2020, Resolution on European strategies on artificial intelligence and data, https://www.etuc.org/en/document/resolution-european-strategies-artificial-intelligence-and-data
[120] Bourne, J. CloudTech, 15/09/2020, ‘Deutsche Telekom and OVHcloud team up for Gaia-X – as Macron says Europe must resume cloud battle’, https://cloudcomputing-news.net/news/2020/sep/15/deutsche-telekom-and-ovhcloud-team-up-for-gaia-x-as-macron-says-europe-must-resume-cloud-battle/
[121] OECD websitte, ’BEPS: Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting’, http://www.oecd.org/tax/beps/beps-actions/action1/
[122] HMRC, 11/07/2019, ’Introduction of the new Digital Services tax’, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/introduction-of-the-new-digital-services-tax/introduction-of-the-new-digital-services-tax
[123] Neate, R., The Guardian, 23/08/2020, ‘Treasury denies it plans to drop ‘Facebook Tax’ in favour of trade deal, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/aug/23/uk-to-drop-facebook-tax-covid-in-favour-of-post-brexit-trade-deal
[124] European Commission, 21/03/2018, ’Fair taxation for the Digital Economy’, https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/sites/taxation/files/factsheet_digital_taxation_21032018_en.pdf
[125] Lomas, N. TechCrunch, 22/11/2018, ‘Amazon reverses tax-triggered block on US shop in Austrailia’, https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/22/amazon-reverses-tax-triggered-block-on-us-shop-in-australia/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAAVV-Chva1AXqEtsAbtq2K0A7JUiTlfREy2PXjO-v63rRXG1v1sw0dQ4NToCCh1yEzsc0RQPPUraouaU67ODfVRKtMvpZYODsui-b7x81Ce5z9f9MhvXm_ECJnx4MH0uuRDMSryiT-ysWSdX8uAwK2jK4Ggc8TSzJBQBZplvZVsK
[126] Bray, T. 29/04/2020, ’Bye Amazon’, https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2020/04/29/Leaving-Amazon
[127] Lomas, N. TechCrunch, 22/11/2018, ‘Amazon reverses tax-triggered block on US shop in Austrailia’, https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/22/amazon-reverses-tax-triggered-block-on-us-shop-in-australia/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAAVV-Chva1AXqEtsAbtq2K0A7JUiTlfREy2PXjO-v63rRXG1v1sw0dQ4NToCCh1yEzsc0RQPPUraouaU67ODfVRKtMvpZYODsui-b7x81Ce5z9f9MhvXm_ECJnx4MH0uuRDMSryiT-ysWSdX8uAwK2jK4Ggc8TSzJBQBZplvZVsK
[128] Bray, T. 29/04/2020, ’Bye Amazon’, https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2020/04/29/Leaving-Amazon
[129] The Yorkshire Post, 28/05/2018, ‘Yorkshire-based YPO secures four year deal with Amazon business’, https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/business/yorkshire-based-ypo-secures-four-year-deal-amazon-business-480835
[130] https://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:146571-2019:TEXT:EN:HTML&tabId=1
[131] https://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:230950-2018:TEXT:EN:HTML
[132] https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/102/regulation/32/made
[133] See https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/102/regulation/32/made (section 2.b.ii)
[134] Jukes, F. Yorkshire Purchasing Organisation, 28/05/2019, ‘YPO launches Amazon Business Framework’, https://www.ypo.co.uk/news-and-events/news/ypo-launches-amazon-business-framework
[135] Mitchell, S. Lavecchia, O. Institute for Local Self Reliance (ILSR), 10/07/2018, ‘Amazons next frontier: Your city’s purchasing’, https://ilsr.org/amazon-and-local-government-purchasing/
[136] Ibid
[137] Barnett, C. THIIS Newsroom, 05/06/2019, ‘£400 million YPO framework sees Amazon take giant step into public procurement’, https://thiis.co.uk/400million-ypo-agreement-sees-amazon-takes-a-giant-step-into-public-sector-procurement/
[138] Ibid
[139] Amazon, ‘Amazon to create 10,000 new permanent jobs across the UK in 2020’, https://blog.aboutamazon.co.uk/working-at-amazon/amazon-to-create-10-000-new-permanent-jobs-across-the-uk-in-2020
[140] BEIS, February 2018, ‘Good Work – a response to the Taylor review of modern working practices’, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/679765/180206_BEIS_Good_Work_Report.pdf
[141] United Nations, Sustainable Development Goals, ‘Goal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full productive employment and decent work for all’, https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal8
[142] Cabinet Office, 24/09/2020, Action note PPN 06/20 ‘Taking account of social value in the award of central government contracts’. See also https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-measures-to-deliver-value-to-society-through-public-procurement
[143] Goodwin, T.L., Bilsborough, J. McInroy, N. 29.06.2020, Centre for Local Economic Strategies (CLES), ‘Restoring public values: the role of public procurement’, https://cles.org.uk/publications/restoring-public-values-the-role-of-public-procurement/