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  • New union body research reveals 2 in 3 zero-hours contract workers have been with their employer for over 12 months – and 1 in 8 for more than a decade 

  • The TUC hits back at those defending the broken status quo and says they are putting their own interests above working people and ignoring evidence 

  • Union body warns UK’s insecure work epidemic is "holding workers and the economy back” and says Employment Rights Bill will deliver economic reset working people desperately need 

Hundreds of thousands of workers across the country are stuck on zero-hours contracts for years on end, according to new TUC analysis published today (Monday). 

The union body’s analysis finds: 

  • A clear majority of zero hours workers - 2 in 3 (66%) or more than 720,000 workers - have been with their current employer for over a year. 

  • Almost half (45%) of zero-hours contract workers, around half a million workers, have been with their current employer for over 2 years. 

  • And a staggering 1 in 8 (12%) zero-hours contract workers – more than 130,000 workers – have been with their current employer for over a decade. 

The TUC says the Employment Rights Bill, which will crack down on the scourge of insecure work, will deliver the economic reset working people desperately need. 

Recent polling by the union body reveals a massive 8 in 10 (84%) zero hours contract workers want regular hours of work – compared to just 1 in 7 (14%) who don’t. 

Insecure work epidemic stunting growth 

With over a million on zero hours contracts up and down the country and many stuck in precarious work in the long-term, the TUC warns of an “insecure work epidemic” which is holding workers and the economy back. 

The warning comes after criticisms of the Employment Rights Bill from the Conservative Party leader. 

The TUC says stronger rights at work and higher growth rates go hand in hand by driving up labour market participation, improving health, raising productivity and boosting demand. 

 Those arguing against change are ignoring the evidence and the impact that insecure work has on working people’s lives, says the TUC.   

After the biggest squeeze in living standards in 200 years, the union body says stronger rights will give working people the higher living standards and secure incomes that are needed to build a decent life.   

Lack of control and low pay 

The union body warns that zero hours contracts also come with a significant pay penalty. 

TUC analysis shows the average zero-hours contract worker typically earns around a third less (£10.68 an hour) than the median hourly rate (£15.69). 

The TUC says zero-hours contracts give employers complete control over workers’ hours – and therefore pay – meaning workers don’t know how much they will earn each week.   

The union body argues that this makes it hard for workers to plan their lives, budget and look after their children. 

And it makes it harder for workers to challenge unacceptable behaviour by bosses because of concerns about whether they will be penalised by not being allocated hours in future.   

The recent reports on McDonald’s alleging widespread sexual harassment and bullying – where 9 in 10 workers are on a zero hours contract – was a stark reminder of how insecure work and workplace abuses can go hand in hand, the TUC says. 

Employment Rights Bill 

A recent TUC poll found: 

  • 3 in 4 (75%) of those polled said they have experienced difficulty meeting living expenses due to not being offered enough hours. 

  • Over half of zero-hours contract workers (52%) had shifts cancelled at less than 24 hours’ notice. 

  • 2 in 3 (66%) of zero-hours contract workers said they received no compensation for cancelled shifts – with just 1 in 20 (5%) fully compensated. 

 

The TUC says that the proposed ban on exploitative zero-hours contracts in Labour’s Employment Rights Bill is “long overdue” and has “huge support”. 

 

And separate TUC polling published in July revealed that the vast majority (67%) of voters in Britain – across the political spectrum – supported banning zero-hours contracts by offering all workers a contract that reflects their normal hours of work and compensation for cancelled shifts.  

TUC General Secretary Paul Nowak said:   

“Zero-hours contracts give bosses almost total control of workers’ earning power and hours – making it a nightmare for families to plan budgets and childcare. 

“As we have seen with recent scandals, these precarious contracts make it far too easy for managers to bully and harass staff frightened about losing shifts. 

“I would challenge any boss to try and survive for a few months on a zero-hours contract not knowing from week to week how much work they will have – let alone a decade. 

“After 14 years of Conservative decline, the era of low-rights, low-pay and low-productivity has been tested to destruction. 

“Those defending the broken status quo are putting their own vested interests ahead of working people’s lives and ignoring the evidence in front of their eyes. 

“This insecure work epidemic isn’t just holding back workers, it’s holding back our economy too. 

“Labour’s Employment Rights Bill will crackdown on zero-hours contracts and help end the scourge of insecure work – delivering a much-needed economic reset.” 

Editors note

Notes to editors: 
The Employment Rights Bill will help to tackle the scourge of insecure work by:  

  • Banning zero-hours contracts, giving workers the right to a contract that reflects their regular hours work.  

  • Ending fire and rehire to give workers security in their jobs. 

  • Giving all workers day one rights on the job. Labour will scrap qualifying time for basic rights, such as unfair dismissal, sick pay, and parental leave.   

  • Ensuring all workers get reasonable notice of any change in shifts or working time, with compensation that is proportionate to the notice given for any shifts cancelled or curtailed.  

  • Beefing up enforcement through the Fair Work Agency. 

- Length of time on zero-hours contracts: 

Length of employment 

Number 

 % 

Current employer for over a year 

722,400 

66% 

Current employer for over 2 years 

487,400 

45% 

Current employer for over 10 years 

133,700 

12% 

Source ONS labour force data – TUC analysis of the average of four quarters: Q4 2023, Q1 2024, Q2 2024, Q3 2024. 

- Zero-hours contracts pay penalty: 

Median gross hourly pay 

 

Respondent works zero hours contract 

£10.68 

All employees 

£15.69 

Labour force data (nesstar) – TUC analysis of the average of four quarters: Q4 2023, Q1 2024, Q2 2024, Q3 2024. 

 
- About the TUC: The Trades Union Congress (TUC) exists to make the working world a better place for everyone. We bring together the 5.5 million working people who make up our 48 member unions. We support unions to grow and thrive, and we stand up for everyone who works for a living. 

Contacts: 

TUC press office 
media@tuc.org.uk   
020 7467 1248  

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